增强现实技术于洪水风险沟通中的应用

气候变迁,特别是洪水问题给地处三角洲的城市带来了与日俱增的风险。作为应对手段,提出一种整合性的洪水风险管理方法,该方法确保了洪水风险沟通在洪水风险管理战略中的重要地位。洪水的可视化作为洪水风险沟通的一种工具,在改变人们对洪水风险的观念方面有着强大的作用。它可以通过互动的方式,使当地的利益相关者了解洪水的剩余风险和未来风险。其中增强现实技术作为一种可视化手段,它的快速发展与应用为风景园林设计、规划与教育等领域提供了崭新的交互方式。首先,探讨增强现实技术(AR)在洪水风险沟通中的应用现状,并重点关注增强现实技术的2个关键应用领域:对现场决策的支持和针对高层次设计的可视化与对景观干预的评估。随后,展示一种基于增强现实技术所开发的应用,该款创新性的应用为洪水风险沟通提供了一种轻量化的可视化手段。     

基于时空关系的盾构开挖地表沉降规律

基于武汉地铁四号线某区间隧道盾构开挖引起的地表沉降数据分析,考虑地表沉降的时空关系,将地表沉降划分为无影响阶段、前期沉降阶段、通过阶段、盾尾空隙沉降阶段、工后沉降阶段,并给出了各个阶段的大致范围及其地表沉降占总沉降的比值。通过对Mindlin解引入时间参数,针对不同阶段地表沉降影响因素进行分析,在前影响距离范围内,盾构机与土体的摩擦力和地层损失对地表沉降的影响占优,在后影响距离范围内,地层损失对地表沉降起到了绝对的控制作用,前期沉降阶段的土层隆起与正面附加推力、摩擦力有关,而正面附加推力、摩擦力和注浆压力导致了工后沉降阶段的土体回弹,由此获得了实时地表沉降预测的理论公式。研究结果表明:理论预测值与实测值能较好的吻合,该公式能够较为准确地实时预测地表沉降。     

基于CDIO工程教育理念的隧道工程教学改革

隧道工程是土木工程专业的核心课程,结合隧道工程课程的特点和教学目的,分析了传统隧道工程教学中存在的问题。通过学习借鉴CDIO工程教育理念,阐述了基于CDIO教育理念的隧道工程教学改革思路,提出了教学改革的具体措施。通过CDIO教学改革,突显了课程教学能力目标,更新了教学资源和教学内容,通过合理的课程项目,提高了学生学习积极性,培养了学生团队合作及沟通协调能力,完善了课程考核方式,在教学质量上取得了较好的成效,为土木工程人才培养的课程改革与教育实践提供参考。     

Field measurement and aeroelastic wind tunnel test of wind‐induced vibrations of lattice tower

Lattice towers are among the most vulnerable structures during typhoons. In this study, the wind engineering research field base near Shanghai Pudong International Airport was used to measure the mean wind speeds and directions at a height of 10 m, as well as the accelerations atop a 40‐m high lattice tower during Typhoons Neoguri and Nakri to investigate the characteristics of the near‐ground wind and the responses of the lattice tower. Moreover, an aeroelastic model of the lattice tower was generated by the discrete stiffness method. Using the wind tunnel test of the aeroelastic model, the root mean square accelerations of the tower were studied with different wind speeds and directions. The responses of the tower in the across‐wind direction were found always higher than those in the along‐wind direction, which meant the vortex shedding of each single cylinder had an impact on the responses of the tower in the across‐wind direction. The test results were compared with those of field measurements to evaluate the accuracy of the aeroelastic model, and the two were generally in a good agreement. Thus, the aeroelastic model could precisely simulate the dynamic characteristics of a prototypical lattice tower using the discrete stiffness method.     

水电工程引水隧洞施工安全管理分析

安全管理是一个非常受重视的概念,工程施工中如何做好安全管理必须慎之又慎。引水隧洞是引水式水电站中较为重要的建筑物之一。通常在水电站引水隧洞洞口前设有一道拦水坝,用以保证隧洞施工的安全。结合在小型水电站施工中的实践经验,文章探讨了在引水隧洞施工中如何开展施工安全管理;同时针对如何确保工程顺利、人身财产安全问题提供了解决方案。     

广西柳州经合山至南宁高速公路吾排隧道工程地质特性评价

工程地质特性会直接影响工程设计和施工。文章在详细分析吾排隧道工程地质概况、不良地质作用,水文地质特征等基础上,对隧道岩体工程地质特征、隧道围岩分级进行研究,最后对隧址区域稳定性,隧道进出洞口边坡、仰坡稳定性,隧道围岩稳定性、岩爆及偏压问题进行评价。研究结果为全面提升隧道工程施工质量和建设水平提供可靠的数据支撑。     

A conceptual model of riparian forest restoration for natural flood management

There is an increasing emphasis on using natural processes, including riparian forest restoration, to enhance the ecological, hydrological and geomorphological functioning of watercourses. However, we have insufficient knowledge on how the supply and retention of in‐channel wood from riparian forest stands changes with age, with inferences typically based on data from terrestrial forests. This presents a challenge in estimating the efficacy and functional lifespan of restoration projects. In this paper, we use a riparian forest growth model to show there is a lag of up to 40–50 years between the start of forest growth and trees delivering wood to the channel that is large enough to resist fluvial transport, anchor logjams and so increase channel complexity and hydraulic resistance. Resource managers need to account for realistic timescales over which changes promoted by riparian woodland restoration will occur and may need to consider using interim engineered logjams as the forest develops.     

煤巷卸压槽及其防突作用机理的初步研究

本文应用弹塑性力学、相似理论、岩体力学等知识，探讨了煤巷卸压槽的防突作用机理；并进行了实验室的模拟试验，得出了煤巷卸压槽开挖后煤体周围应力分布状态。研究表明：煤巷卸压槽能够防止煤和瓦斯突出的必要条件在于卸压槽开掘后应能形成较大范围的卸压区。     

浅埋隧道开挖对地表建筑物的影响

应用随机介质理论，分析了桐油山连拱隧道浅埋段开挖引起的沿隧道纵横向的地表移动与变形，推导了复杂隧道开挖横断面的简化计算公式。根据中导洞开挖后的地表量测数据反分析获得地表基本移动参数，采用比例法获取隧道正洞计算所需的地表移动参数，然后对隧道正洞开挖后的地表移动和变形分布进行了预测，并据此判断隧道开挖对地表住宅楼的影响。计算结果对指导隧道的施工有一定意义。     

管-管格构梁式支承点支式玻璃幕墙的抗风性能研究

管-管格构梁式支承体系是一种广泛采用的幕墙支承结构形式,在上海北外滩某商务楼中庭钢结构项目风洞试验数据的基础上,考虑塔楼"穿堂风"群体效应的影响,对工程方案进行静、动力分析,其研究方法和结论可推广到类似幕墙结构形式.